The combination of 16 million workers unemployed with an unprecedented housing market meltdown and collapse in state and local finances has magnified the misery of homelessness in the world’s richest country. The crisis is multilayered: for the long-term homeless, for those with mental health and drug addiction problems, for women and children fleeing domestic violence, for military veterans experiencing PTSD, as local and state services are slashed the likelihood that they will end up sleeping on park benches or under bridges grows.
Which of the following if true does not strengthen the argument?
A :
In California domestic violence shelters have suffered disproportionately high cuts in recent months as the governor and legislators look for ways to fill huge holes in the state’s budget.
B :
In other states in the country, mental health services for the indigent and poor have been decimated.
C :
Peruse local newspapers, and you’ll see stories such as the one in last week’s Charlotte Observer, in North Carolina, detailing cuts to services for pregnant women.
D :
Mental health advocates in Ohio have recently documented multi-million dollar cuts to housing services for the state’s mentally ill.
Answer: C Apart from option C all the other options are examples to support the elements mentioned clearly in the paragraph which have experienced cuts by the state or government . Option A strengthens the passage as it is an example of cuts for the ‘ homeless who have fled from domestic violence’ which is part of the paragraph topic. Option B gives an example to support ‘cuts to mental health services for the poor’. It is obvious that poor who are mentally ill are close to homelessness and cuts to them would push them to homelessness. Option D is a cut to the ‘housing services for the state’s mentally ill’ which is clearly within the passage theme and scope.But option C which talks about cuts in services to pregnant women does not fall within the direct scope of the paragraph. The option is not about the ‘homeless’ OR ‘poor’ OR ‘domestic violence fleers’OR ‘mentally ill’ or ‘military veterans experiencing PTSD’. Hence option C when compared to the other specific options is vague in its import.
What is Marx’s contribution to the philosophy of time? Or, to put it another way, what has a temporal reading of Marx’s writings to contribute to the understanding of the philosophical aspects of his thought? How, for example, might it reconfigure the relationship between the historical, analytical and political dimensions of his work? These are not merely, or even primarily, historical questions, but constructive and critical issues about the philosophical present: constructive, because with only a couple of notable – and notably partial – exceptions (Antonio Negri and Moishe Postone), the
temporal-philosophical side of Marx’s thought has yet
to be systematically disinterred; critical, because of the light such a construction promises to throw on a range of issues, not least the specific contemporaneity of Marx’s thought. This is a propitious time for such an investigation, for a number of reasons.
Q. No. 1:
The statement “ A systematic understanding and analysis of the temporal-philosophical side of Marx’s thought would not help understanding the specific contemporaneity of Marx’s thought”, falls into which of the following categories?
Answer: C The statement is a distortion of a conclusion mentioned in the paragraph. Hence it can qualify as an incorrect inference.
Q. No. 2:
Which of the following is an assumption in the paragraph? 1). Philosophers have found it difficult to disinter the temporal-philosophical side of Marx’s thought. 2). A relationship has been established earlier between the political, historical and analytical dimensions of Marx’s work. 3). There has been no investigation conducted earlier on the temporal-philosophical side of Marx’s thought.
Answer: B Statement (1) cannot be said to be an assumption as there has been no comment on how difficult or easy it is to disinter the temporal-philosophical side of Marx’s thought. Statement (3) is incorrect as the lines “because with only a couple of notable – and notably partial – exceptions (Antonio Negri and Moishe Postone)…” reveal that partial investigations have been attempted on Marx’s thought. Statement (2) is a correct assumption as the paragraph talks about investigations on Marx’s thought reconfiguring the relationship between ‘the political, historical and analytical dimensions of Marx’s work.’ This means that some kind of relationship has been established earlier.
If the health of a medium corresponds to the number
of gongs, contemporary photography would seem to
be in fine fettle. It is, of course, not that simple. Prizes are not just a barometer of excellence, but of changing taste and, perhaps more importantly, curatorial values. Over the last few decades, the Turner prize has tracked the movement away from painting and sculpture, towards high-end conceptualism and back again. At one point, perhaps around 2006, the Turner became a touchstone not just for the state of contemporary art but for the growing distance between the art world and the (informed) public. That was the year Tomma Abts won for her odd little geometric paintings and Lynn Barber outraged her fellow judges and Tate director Nicholas Serota by writing an Observer article about how “banal and derivative” most of the work had been, and how public nominations were more or less ignored by the experts.
Q. No. 1:
Which of the following best summarizes the idea of the passage?
A :
The Turner prize has tracked the movement of Contemporary Art towards high-end conceptualism and back.
B :
Prizes like the Turner Prize in addition to recognizing excellence also indicate the state of contemporary Art and the distance between the Art world and the Public.
C :
Contemporary Art is not in fine fettle as the Turner Prize stands not only for excellence but many other factors influencing the Art scene.
D :
The Turner Prize which used to be a barometer of Excellence in Art is now becoming a mere representative of the Art experts.
Answer: B Option B represents the best summary of the passage from the options. The passage is talking of prizes in the Art world generally at first and then about the Turner prize as an example. Most of the passage is definitely about the Turner prize and about how it has come to indicate something more than just excellence of Art. Option A is too specific to summarize the passage as it just mentions a specific data about the Turner prize. Option C is a completely distorted version of the idea in the passage. We cannot infer that contemporary art is not in fine fettle. Option D is too specific in saying that the Turner prize has become a ‘mere representative of the Art experts.’ The Turner prize is like a touchstone for the state of Contemporary Art.
Q. No. 2:
Which of the following weakens the idea in the passage?
A :
In 2005 , the Turner prize was awarded by judges who took into account nominations by the public
B :
In 2004, the Turner prize was decided exclusively by a group of elite judges who completely ignored public nominations
C :
In 2006, the Bucker prize for excellence in Contemporary Art was decided by public votes
D :
In 2005, the Bucker prize for excellence in Contemporary Art reflected a movement away from traditional Art
Answer: C The passage is about how a prize has also come to track trends in Art. In 2006, the Turner prize was decided by ignoring public nominations. So if in the same year another prize was decided by public votes then this would go against the trend in the Art scene in 2006. Hence option C weakens the idea in the passage. Options A and B talk about how the Turner prize was decided in the earlier years. The way the prize was decided in the earlier years may have reflected the trend in the Art Scene in the earlier years. So options A and B cannot be said to weaken the idea in the passage. Option D is vague and seems like a distant inference from the passage as the prize went to ‘geometric paintings’. Option D does not weaken the idea in the passage in any way
Q. No. 10:
When historians come to write their account of the great financial crisis of 2008, what mention will be given to “Corporate Social Responsibility” (CSR)? Over the last decade, the world’s largest companies and governments have trumpeted CSR—action by companies to improve their impact on society—as a way to moderate capitalism’s excesses. CSR should now be centre stage. But it is not.
Which of the following arguments is used in the above passage?
A :
Equivalence- comparing the scenario to something alarming.
B :
Distressing- expressing heartfelt concern at CSRs absence.
C :
Interrogative – is questioning the role of CSR in today’s scenario.
D :
Censuring- points fingers at the letdown in the role of CSR.
Answer: D The argument is directed at criticizing the lack of success in moderating capitalism's excesses with the help of the much touted CSR. Option (A) does not fit as nothing alarming is mentioned in the argument. (B) does not satisfy the reasoning in the argument as the argument does not talk about the absence of CSR. The argument does not question the role of CSR in today's scenario; therefore (C) becomes the incorrect answer option.
Q. No. 11:
Women represent the majority of educated talent in today’s knowledge economy. From Arkansas to Abu Dhabi, the majority of university graduates are women: 60 percent in the U.S. and Europe, 60 percent in Iran and 70 percent in the United Arab Emirates. Yet, many organizations still treat them as one minority among many, missing the opportunity to leverage women as a potent economic force.
A person seeking to refute the argument might argue that:
A :
Women represent not just a significant percent of available talent they make 80 percent of purchasing decisions about consumer goods.
B :
Research indicates companies with more women on the board and in key positions are more profitable
C :
Companies often approach gender as an intractable problem
D :
Organizations readily acknowledge that major female recruitment is their top priority.
Answer: D Organizations are increasingly concerned about the existence of the large women force and are on the way to a big time hiring of women, this opposes the facts mentioned in the argument, thus making (D) as the correct answer option. (A) is out of the scope of the argument as it talks about women as consumers. (B) refers to the data talking about the profitability of women in key-positions and refuses to address the basic problem of talent capitalization, thus it is incorrect. (C) is a way-ward inference which is out of the scope of the argument
Q. No. 12:
1). The term “Clever Hans” refers to a horse who responded to questions requiring mathematical calculations by tapping his hoof. If asked by his master, William Von Osten, what is the sum of 3 plus 2, the horse would tap his hoof five times. It appeared the animal was responding to human language and was capable of grasping mathematical concepts. 2). It is often the case that animals are thought to show evidence of linguistic abilities that they do not possess. And humans are thought to be capable of grasping psychic messages when they are just sensitive to the unconscious signaling of others.
Which of the following is true?
A :
The point above in (2) contradicts the speaker’s argument in (1).
B :
The point above in (2) extends the speaker’s argument in (1).
C :
The point above in (2) is similar to the speaker’s argument in (1).
D :
The point above in (2) concludes the speaker’s argument in (1).
Answer: A Passage (2) contradicts the speaker’s argument by negating the mathematical capabilities of the horse mentioned in (1). This makes option (A) as the correct answer option